Free download Zambian ECZ Grade 12 GCSE Biology lesson notes by B.F.J revised edition. This book should come in handy if you are preparing for the Grade 12 Biology ECZ examination.
These notes were made based on the Examination syllabuses for 1996, from the University of Cambridge
(International Examinations). This book should not be considered a textbook. Information has been nicely spaced out and put in such a way, that it should be easy to use during biology lessons and study-time.
When writing this book, the author kept in mind that you, the student, still need tuition from your teacher. He or she can still give you extra information or leave out some. Therefore, consider this book as a guide to help you get the needed information.
To be successful in Biology, a certain amount of time should be investigated in studying the matter by
heart. Understanding the subject is ONE thing, being able to explain it yourself to others (Examination) is another.
Also, the author compiled these Zambian ECZ Grade 12 GCSE Biology lesson notes for you, the student, bearing in mind that sometimes classes are left without a Biology teacher, for whatever reason (illness, funeral, delays in being posted…).
You can use these notes during your biology lessons, bearing in mind that you first have to consult your
Biology teacher or Headmaster/Headmistress. He/she is the one who will know if the syllabus has changed, or if there is any latest information on some subjects.
For example, I can imagine that the topic of Aids-HIV will be a lot different in the year 2010 than it
is now. Hopefully, we will have found a cure by then. When using this edition, you will notice that your teacher does not always follow the syllabus order.
The reason is that some topics are better dealt with at a later stage when the student has obtained the needed knowledge to fully comprehend the subject matter. The order, he or she chooses is based on their own experiences, and should be taken as ideal.
It is very possible that another teacher might follow a different order. It is the author’s sincere hope that you can put this book to good use and that it might help you to obtain your desired marks for the subject BIOLOGY.
About the Zambia ECZ
An Act of Parliament established the Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ) in 1983 to set and conduct examinations and award certificates to successful candidates. Before this enactment, the Ministry of Education and Culture under the Examinations Section was used to conduct the examinations.
After the enactment, the section continued to perform the function of conducting the examinations while simultaneously developing an institutional framework and job descriptions.
The full launch and operationalization of the Examinations Council of Zambia were in 1987 as a semi-autonomous public institution (Parastatal). Prior to the establishment of the Council, the University of Cambridge Local Examination Syndicate in the United Kingdom was the examining and awarding body. The syndicate’s examinations catered for many countries and consequently, it was not easy for such examinations to reflect the needs of Zambia
Table of contents (What you will find in this book)
INTRODUCTION To Biology
- CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION. p9
- DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS. p14
- ENZYMES. p24
- NUTRITION IN GREEN PLANTS – PHOTOSYNTHESIS. p29
- MINERAL NUTRITION IN PLANTS. p44
- NUTRITION AND DIGESTION IN MAN. p46
- TEETH. p59
- TRANSPORT IN FLOWERING PLANTS p63
- TRANSPORT IN MAN – CIRCULATORY SYSTEM p74
- RESPIRATION. p85
- SUPPORT, MOVEMENT AND LOCOMOTION. p90
- EXCRETION. p96
- HOMEOSTASIS. p102
- CO-ORDINATION AND RESPONSES. p105
- TROPISMS AND TACTIC RESPONSES. p119
- USE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS. p122
- DIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS. p132
- RELATIONSHIPS: ORGANISMS WITH ONE ANOTHER AND WITH THE ENVIRONMENT. p141
- EFFECTS OF MAN ON THE ECOSYSTEM. p150
- ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION. p162
- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS. p165
- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN MAN. p170
- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES. p183
- GENETICS AND INHERITANCE. p187
- SELECTION. p206
- BIOLOGY PRACTICALS.
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